Journal of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Research

Colorectal Cancer and Gut Microbiota

2024-11-27T07:20:40+00:00

Colorectal cancer is the third most diagnosed cancer globally, accounts for 9.6% 0f all cancer diagnosed and 9.3% of all cancer deaths. Most cases of colorectal cancer, about 80% are sporadic in origin, and the remaining 20 % are hereditary. Colorectal cancer have the risk factors like family history, diet, comorbities, smoking, alcohol, medication research also shows that there is alteration in the gut microbiota of colorectal cancer. Gold standard investigation for diagnosis of colorectal cancer is colonoscopy with biopsy for histopathology. Human gut microbiota is the colony of comprises more than 10¹⁴ microbes like bacteria, virus and fungi. The normal commensal microorganism present in the gut microbiota have symbiotic association with the intestine helps in digestion and absorbtion. Colorectal cancer as it involve chronic inflammatory response leads to decrease in the biodiversity of microorganism and presence of pathological microorganism and this is used as a biomarker for the colorectal cancer. Fecal sample metagenomic analysis shown increase in Fusobacterium nucleatum, Parvimonas, Peptostreptococcus, Porphyromonas, and Prevotella, are part of the CRC microbiota. This is a promising noninvasive biomarker for colorectal cancer.

Keywords: Colorectal cancer, Gut microbiota, Fusobacterium nucleatum, Bacteroides fragilis

A Review of Prosopis Cineraria as Hepatoprotective

2024-11-28T07:21:21+00:00

Abstract: Prosopis cineraria (L.) Druce is known as Ghaf and is a member of the Mimosoideae subfamily of the Leguminosae family. The plant affects people's life in sociological, ethnological, traditional, and therapeutic ways. The goal is to highlight the plant's potential for bioactivity while offering a comprehensive summary of the most recent studies. The review's objectives were to provide a comprehensive tabulation of the data in a style that would be useful to academic researchers and to update the data on therapeutic actions that had been published in scientific journals. To ascertain the phytochemical components of the leaf, stem, pod, and bark as well as their safety and pharmacological details, a comprehensive scientific study of P. cineraria (L.) was carried out. The review helps identify future opportunities and limitations in the field by using the condensed scientific information of P. cineraria (L.).

Keywords: Phytochemical, Pharmacological, Leguminosae, Ghaf, Prosopis Cineraria

Pharmacological and Phytochemical investigation of plant Zingiber Zerumbet having anti-ulcer activity

2024-12-04T13:39:30+00:00

This study investigates the anti-ulcerogenic properties of Zingiber zerumbet using a rat model subjected to ulcerogenic agents. The hydroalcoholic extract of Zingiber zerumbet was evaluated for its efficacy in mitigating ulcer formation, measured through the number of ulcers, ulcer index, and gastric pH levels. Results demonstrated that the extract significantly reduced both the number of ulcers (from 9.80 ± 0.75 in the control group to 0.25 in the treated groups) and the ulcer index (from 6.25 ± 0.30 in the control to 0.52 ± 0.15 in the extract-treated group). Additionally, the gastric pH improved markedly, with treated groups showing pH levels of 6.85 ± 0.75 and 6.75 ± 0.35, compared to 3.45 ± 0.32 in the control group. The qualitative phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of flavonoids, saponins, and alkaloids, which are known for their therapeutic effects. These findings underscore the potential of Zingiber zerumbet as a natural remedy for gastric ulcers, providing a basis for further research into its active constituents and mechanisms of action

Keywords: Zingiber zerumbet, anti-ulcerogenic, gastric ulcers, rat model, ulcer index, gastric pH, phytotherapy, herbal medicine, flavonoids

Periodontitis Borne Risk Factors & Oral Health: A Pilot Study

2024-12-05T11:24:24+00:00

This study targets to earmark the risk factors that gets emerged in saliva and serum in the pathogenicity of periodontitis. ELISA based kits were used to estimate the risk components (TNF-a, IL-10 and IgA) in saliva and serum following company directed protocols. Colorimetry or spectrophotometry was used for the other estimations. Patients critically suffered from periodontitis, having pocket depth beyond 4mm, were found mildly affected with systemic hyperglycemia and dyslipidemia besides salivary hyperglycemia. The pro-inflammatory cytokine TNF-a was found exorbitantly high in the saliva of the periodontitis affected subjects. No significant change of the anti-inflammatory cytokine (IL-10) was observed in the saliva except, a marginal increase in serum as compared to the control group. A remarkably low IgA level was found in both serum and saliva of the patients suffered from periodontitis. Blood groups of the subjects in this study didn’t show any correlation to the periodontitis infection. Females were found more vulnerable to periodontitis infection than the male counterparts. Lacking appropriate dental care could be the primary reason of making rooms for the settlement of microbes around teeth periphery causing periodontal pathogenicity.

Keywords: Periodontitis, TNF-α, IL-10, IgA, Oral infection

Estimation of DOPAMINE in the Human Brain Tissue: Post-Mortem Studies in a Group of Suicides and in a Control Group

2024-12-09T07:39:30+00:00

Mind has managed to enthrall from common man on the street to researchers and scholars alike, especially when it approaches to mental diseases like Depression, Anxiety, Schizophrenia, Huntington, Alzheimer or to the Act Of Suicide. The stories of someone known or unknown committing suicide has stewarded its way to the morning newspaper headlines and has tended to hold our miniscule attention every so often. Without losing sight of the fact, we have endeavoured to dig out the biochemical relation behind suicide in our research.

Dopaminergic pathways of brain have long been panned out as the chief commander of reward, motivation and people’ likes and dislikes psychology and also their association with major diseases like Schizophrenia, Parkinson disease, psychosis, Huntington disease been turned out to be a fact. Nucleus accumbens, neostriatum and substantia nigra’s dopamine loss over time leads to anhedonia, which is one of the major risk factor of suicide.

The scientific experiments among rats, mice have corroborated the influence of stress, aggression, strong like, dislike psychology over Hypothalamo-Pituitary Axis, culminating to a deranged cortisol and dopamine secretion which incepts suicidal behaviour and eventually the act.

We in our research have exerted to decipher the puzzle among humans on the same theorem for Dopamine by using pre-frontal cortex samples of suicide victims (N=30, CASES) and comparing it to pre-frontal cortex samples of road-traffic accident victims (N=30, CONTROLS).

Keywords: Suicide, Dopamine, HPLC, HPA, Mental Illness.

Fast Dissolving Tablets: A Comprehensive Overview of Formulation and Manufacturing

2024-12-05T11:24:20+00:00

Despite a number of drawbacks, the oral drug delivery system is still the recommended method of medication delivery since it is easier to administer and improves patient compliance. By creating "fast dissolving tablets" (FDTs), which dissolve or disintegrate quickly without water in the mouth in a matter of seconds because of the action of a superdisintegrants or by optimising the pore structure in the formulation. Fast Dissolving Tablets (FDTs) represent an innovative drug delivery system. This article provides a comprehensive review of FDTs, covering different components used in the formulation, manufacturing technologies along with their advantages, limitations and clinical applications.

Key words: fast dissolving tablets, superdisintegrants, oral drug delivery system, manufacturing technologies.

Phytochemical and Pharmacological Evaluation of Catharanthus pusillus for Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Activity

2024-12-10T13:30:28+00:00

The plant Catharanthus pusillus (commonly known as tiny periwinkle) is an underutilized species belonging to the Apocynaceae family. This study investigates the phytochemical composition, antioxidant potential, and antimicrobial efficacy of Catharanthus pusillus extracts, aiming to evaluate its suitability as a source of bioactive compounds. Phytochemical screening revealed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, and phenolic compounds. Antioxidant activity was assessed using DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging assays, and antimicrobial activity was evaluated against a panel of bacterial and fungal pathogens. The findings highlight the plant's potential as a natural antioxidant and antimicrobial agent.

Keywords: Catharanthus pusillus, tiny periwinkle, Terpenoids, DPPH and ABTS, Antimicrobial, Antioxidants

Enhancement of Solubility and Formulation of Fast Dissolving Oral Films of an Antiemetic Drug

2024-12-13T07:38:50+00:00

This study investigates the development of a fast-dissolving oral film formulation (F3) for efficient delivery of Astemizole, an antiemetic drug. The formulation incorporates solubility enhancers, PEG 400 and PVP K-90, to improve the solubility and bioavailability of the drug. The solubility enhancement study revealed significant improvements, especially at higher concentrations, ensuring rapid dissolution and enhancing therapeutic efficacy. The drug content analysis of formulation F3 demonstrated 98.50% of the label claim, indicating high uniformity and reliable dosing. Further characterization of formulation F3 showed superior folding endurance (235 folds), the fastest disintegration time (63 minutes), and a high assay value (99.12%), reflecting excellent mechanical properties and rapid drug release. The in-vitro release study revealed nearly complete drug dissolution (98.85%) within 15 minutes, making the formulation ideal for drugs requiring a rapid onset of action. Stability studies over three months confirmed the formulation's minimal degradation and stable drug content (98.32%). In conclusion, formulation F3 is a promising candidate for fast-dissolving oral films, with excellent drug release, stability, and consistency. Further clinical trials and stability assessments are recommended to validate its efficacy and optimize its clinical application.

Keywords:
Fast-dissolving oral film, Astemizole, Solubility enhancement, PEG 400, PVP K-90, Bioavailability, Drug content analysis, Folding endurance, Disintegration time, In-vitro release, Stability studies, Patient compliance, Pharmaceutical formulations.

Gastro-Retentive Tablets for Natural Detoxification

2024-12-17T07:11:08+00:00

Natural products have gained significant attention in recent years due to their potential health benefits and minimal side effects. However, the bioavailability and therapeutic efficacy of many natural compounds are often limited by factors such as poor solubility, rapid degradation, and first-pass metabolism. To address these challenges, innovative drug delivery systems have been developed to enhance the therapeutic potential of natural detoxifying agents.

This research paper focuses on the development and evaluation of a novel drug delivery system that combines the advantages of effervescent granules and gastroretentive tablets. By incorporating natural detoxifying agents into this innovative formulation, the researchers aim to improve their bioavailability, therapeutic efficacy, and patient compliance.

Preparation and Characterization of Ethosomal Gel Drug Delivery; A Comprehensive Review

2024-12-17T07:11:06+00:00

Ethosomes are aqueous, phospholipid, and ethanol (in larger amounts) soft vesicles. Because it can penetrate human skin intact and has a high degree of deformability, this carrier has intriguing properties. Ethosomes have been demonstrated to improve medication delivery to the outer layers of the skin by penetrating the stratum corneum barrier more effectively than traditional liposomes. Ethosomal systems have been the subject of on-going study, which suggests that these carriers, in conjunction with penetration enhancers, may prove to be successful drug delivery vehicles in the form of gels, patches, and creams. However, more thorough research is required to advance the ethosomal system's stability. The goal of this review is to preparation and characterization of ethosomal gel drug delivery.

Key words: Ethosomes, Liposomes, Phospholipid etc.

A Rare Case Report on Jaundice, Alcoholic Liver Disease with a History of Herbal Medicine Induced Liver Injury

2024-12-17T07:11:03+00:00

Background: Alcoholic liver disease (ALD) is a complex condition caused by excessive alcohol consumption, affecting fatty liver, alcoholic hepatitis, and cirrhosis. Risk factors include alcohol intake, genetic predisposition, and co-existing liver conditions. Alcoholic fatty liver disease (AFLD) accumulates excessive fat in the liver, leading to steatosis and fibrosis. ALD complications include portal hypertension, liver failure, and hepatocellular carcinoma. The use of herbal medicines, such as tamarind and neem extracts, is also concerning due to potential liver damage. Increased awareness and caution are needed from patients and healthcare providers.

Case report: A 33-year-old male patient presented with symptoms including right hypochondrium pain, yellowish discoloration of the sclera, fever, decreased urine output, light yellow tongue, and generalized weakness. He was a chronic alcoholic, consuming various alcoholic beverages for 15 years. His dietary routine was mixed, but he preferred non-vegetarian foods. His family suggested he consume traditional herbal medicine to treat jaundice. After collecting his history, lab tests were conducted to confirm his diagnosis of alcoholic liver disease (ALD) with herbal medicine-induced liver (DILI). LFT tests were alarming, and he was diagnosed with alcoholic liver disease with jaundice and DILI due to herbal medicine. To improve his symptoms and prevent liver failure complications, he was prescribed a list of medications to improve his symptoms and to prevent complications of liver failure.

Discussion: A holistic treatment approach is needed for patients with alcoholic liver disease and herbal medicine-induced liver injury, focusing on symptom relief, liver function enhancement, and complication prevention. This includes lifestyle changes, nutritional support, and managing potential issues. Regular monitoring is crucial for adjustments.

Conclusion: This case report highlights the complex relationship between alcoholic liver disease and herbal medicine-induced liver injury, especially in jaundice cases. It emphasizes the need for thorough patient histories, increased awareness of hepatotoxic potential, and educating patients about alcohol and herbal supplement risks. It calls for multidisciplinary collaboration, enhanced regulation, and safety evaluations of herbal medicines to protect public health. It also underscores the importance of continuous monitoring and monitoring patients with liver injury histories.

Keywords: ALD, Herbal medicine, DILI, Liver failure, Patient care