Evaluating the Appropriateness of Blood Component Transfusions at a Tertiary Care Hospital: Adherence to Clinical Guidelines and Implications for Patient Safety

Abstract

Background: Blood component transfusion is a critical component of medical treatment for various conditions, but adherence to clinical guidelines is essential to ensure appropriateness and safety. This study evaluates the appropriateness of blood component transfusions at a tertiary care hospital and examines adherence to established guidelines.

Objective: To assess the appropriateness of transfusions for red blood cells (RBCs), platelets, and plasma, and to identify areas for improvement in adherence to clinical guidelines.

Methods: A prospective study was conducted over six months involving 350 transfusions across RBCs, platelets, and plasma. Data on transfusion indications were collected and compared against clinical guidelines. Transfusion reactions and clinical outcomes were also documented.

Results: The study found that 85% of RBC transfusions, 78% of platelet transfusions, and 90% of plasma transfusions were appropriate according to guidelines, resulting in an overall appropriateness rate of 83%. Transfusion reactions occurred in 7 cases, with 5 linked to appropriate transfusions and 2 to inappropriate ones. Clinical improvement was noted in 175 cases, with 150 associated with appropriate transfusions.

Conclusion: The study demonstrates high adherence to transfusion guidelines for RBCs and plasma, but identifies a need for improved adherence in platelet transfusions. Enhanced compliance with guidelines is associated with better clinical outcomes and fewer adverse reactions. Targeted interventions are recommended to address the identified discrepancies and optimize transfusion practices.

Keywords: Blood Component Transfusion, Clinical Guidelines, Red Blood Cells, Platelets, Plasma, Appropriateness, Patient Safety