Infection as a Cause of Stillbirth: A Case-Control Study

Abstract

Background: Stillbirth is a tragic event that remains a significant global health concern. Among the many causes of stillbirth, infections during pregnancy have been identified as an important risk factor. Infections such as Group B Streptococcus, Listeria monocytogenes, and Toxoplasma gondii are known to increase the risk of stillbirth. This study aims to investigate the role of infections as a cause of stillbirth through a case-control study.

Methods: A case-control study was conducted in a tertiary care hospital. The case group consisted of women who experienced stillbirths after 20 weeks of gestation, while the control group consisted of women who had live births. Maternal infections, as well as demographic and health-related risk factors, were analyzed using data obtained from medical records.

Results: The study found that infections were present in 28% of stillbirth cases, with Group B Streptococcus, Listeria monocytogenes, and Toxoplasma gondii being the most common pathogens. Maternal risk factors, including smoking, diabetes, and poor prenatal care, were more prevalent in the case group.

Conclusion: Infections are a significant cause of stillbirth, and early detection and appropriate treatment of infections during pregnancy are crucial in reducing the risk of stillbirth. Maternal health improvement and infection control strategies can contribute to better pregnancy outcomes.

Keywords: Stillbirth, Infection, Group B Streptococcus, Listeria monocytogenes, Toxoplasma gondii, Case-control study, Maternal health, Pregnancy complications.