A Review on the Estimation of Pesticides Residue in Human Breast Milk: India Versus China”

Abstract

The widespread use of pesticides in agriculture has led to significant concerns regarding environmental contamination and public health. This review provides a comprehensive analysis of global pesticide usage, with particular emphasis on India and China—two major agricultural nations with differing regulatory frameworks and residue patterns. Persistent organic pollutants (POPs) such as DDTs, HCHs, and HCBs are present in human breast milk, highlighting alarming exposure levels, especially among infants. The review critically examines the extent of pesticide residues, regional disparities, factors influencing contamination, and the implications on human health. It further outlines analytical methods used for detection and emphasizes the need for improved regulatory enforcement, public education, and sustainable agricultural practices to mitigate exposure risks.

Keywords: Pesticide residue, Breast milk contamination, DDT, HCH, Public health