A review on Current Perspectives on Nephrolithiasis: A Multidisciplinary Approach to Management

Abstract

In Germany, nephrolithiasis prevalence is 4.7%, with recurrence rates of 50–80% without secondary prevention, reduced to 10–15% with tailored strategies. The study utilized various academic databases to compile relevant literature, guided by the European Association of Urology's nephrolithiasis guidelines. Diagnosis of acute renal colic is typically straightforward, and treatment options for stones vary, including surgery and lithotripsy. Most ureteric stones under 5 mm pass spontaneously, with 75% of patients experiencing no complications. Basic assessments for secondary prevention can be performed by general practitioners, while complex metabolic evaluations should occur in specialized settings for symptomatic patients. Effective treatment involves understanding individual patient needs, though further high-quality research on secondary prevention is required, focusing on nephrolithiasis's etiology and pathophysiology.

Keyword: Nephrolithiasis, Secondary Prevention, Renal Colic, , Metabolic Evaluation, Chronic kidney disease.