Trends in Antibiogram of Gram-Negative Clinical Isolates in Tertiary Care Hospital

Abstract

Gram-negative pathogens like Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Acinetobacter baumannii, E-coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae are associated with multidrug resistance. These pathogens are capable of causing clinical diseases like urinary tract infections, blood stream infections, pyelonephritis, intra-abdominal infections, hospital acquired pneumonia etc. Antimicrobial resistance is associated with prolonged hospital stays, difficulty in treating patients, high morbidity and high mortality rates.

Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted after obtaining ethical committee approval in the Department of Microbiology, JJMMC Davangere. Clinical samples like blood, pus, urine, sputum etc received at our department were processed following standard procedure. Only gram-negative bacterial isolates from the samples were included in the study. The data collected was entered into excel sheet and was analyzed using SPSS version 25.0.

Results: Out of 1386 positive cultures of gram-negative bacteria, 217 multidrug resistant gram-negative organisms were isolated.  Klebsiella pneumoniae 105 (48%), Escherichia- coli 102 (47%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa 9 (4%) and Acinetobacter baumannii 1 were the common isolates. The prevalence of infection was highest among the patients with age group less than one.

Conclusion: The study shows increased prevalence of multidrug resistant strains of Klebsiella pneumoniae and Escherichia coli in our hospital. Implementation of hospital infection control practices, antimicrobial stewardship and proper surveillance will help in limiting the emergence and spread of drug resistant strains.

Keywords: Gram-negative, multidrug, antibiogram.