Journal of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Research

Formulation and Factorial Optimization of a Sulfate Free Polyherbal Anti Dandruff Shampoo Employing Plant Derived Saponins

Prabha Kumari, Rajesh Asija, Seema Yadav Trimukhe, Priyam Shrivastava — Fri, 01 May 2026 00:00:00 +0000

Conventional anti‑dandruff shampoos are predominantly based on anionic sulfates such as sodium lauryl sulfate, which provide strong detergency and foam but can disrupt the scalp barrier, increase transepidermal water loss and aggravate irritation during long‑term use. In contrast, consumer demand is shifting toward herbal, sulfate‑free products that offer milder cleansing and improved biocompatibility without compromising performance. In response to this need, the present investigation proposes a sulfate‑free polyherbal anti‑dandruff shampoo in which plant‑derived saponins from Sapindus mukorossi (Reetha) and Acacia concinna (Shikakai) function as true biosurfactants, providing cleansing and foaming while helping maintain scalp pH. The formulation further integrates tea tree oil, neem and tulsi extracts as antifungal and anti‑inflammatory agents, and uses xanthan–guar gum as a natural rheology system to achieve acceptable viscosity, shear‑thinning behaviour and conditioning feel. A structured formulation strategy employing factorial design will be used to optimize the ratio of saponins and gums, followed by comprehensive evaluation including pH, viscosity, surface tension, foam characteristics, cleansing efficiency, protein denaturation, and comparison with a marketed sulfate‑based shampoo. Accelerated stability studies at elevated temperature and humidity will assess physical and functional robustness.

Keywords: Sulfate‑free polyherbal anti‑dandruff shampoo; Sapindus mukorossi; Acacia concinna; Tea tree oil; Neem; Tulsi; Plant saponins; Biosurfactant‑based cleansing; Xanthan–guar gum; Malassezia dandruff.

Formulation and Evaluation of a Polyherbal Anti Acne Emulgel Containing Tea Tree Oil, Neem Oil and Aloe Vera

Akshay Gurnani, Rajesh Asija, Seema Yadav Trimukhe, Priyam Shrivastava — Fri, 01 May 2026 00:00:00 +0000

Topical therapy remains central to acne management, yet many conventional creams, ointments and gels can aggravate dryness and irritation in already compromised skin, which reduces comfort and adherence. Emulgels, produced by gelling an oil in water emulsion, offer a non-greasy, washable and physically stable vehicle that can solubilize lipophilic actives and improve their penetration into pilosebaceous units. Polyherbal emulgels further combine multiple plant derived actives in a single carrier, allowing complementary antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and soothing actions that are attractive for long term use in acne prone skin. The proposed work will focus on a tri herbal emulgel incorporating tea tree oil, neem oil and Aloe vera in a Carbopol based emulgel system, designed through a structured formulation strategy including selection of surfactant system and viscosity optimization. The formulation will be evaluated for appearance, pH, spreadability, viscosity, drug content, in vitro antimicrobial activity and stability under accelerated conditions.

Keywords: Polyherbal emulgel; Anti acne topical formulation; Tea tree oil; Neem oil; Aloe vera.

A Review on Fast Dissolving Tablets Using Natural Superdisintegrants

Abid Hussain, Rajesh Asija, Priyam Shrivastav, Seema Trimukhe Yadav — Fri, 01 May 2026 00:00:00 +0000

Fast dissolving tablets (FDTs) are an advanced oral drug delivery system designed to disintegrate rapidly in the oral cavity without the need for water. They offer significant advantages in improving patient compliance, especially among pediatric, geriatric, and dysphagic patients who face difficulty in swallowing conventional tablets. The rapid disintegration of FDTs is mainly attributed to the presence of superdisintegrants, which facilitate quick tablet breakup upon contact with saliva. Natural superdisintegrants have gained increasing attention as alternatives to synthetic agents due to their biodegradability, low toxicity, cost-effectiveness, and eco-friendly nature. Various natural materials such as Plantago ovata, Lepidium sativum, fenugreek mucilage, and guar gum have shown excellent swelling and disintegration properties. This review highlights the formulation approaches, mechanisms of action, preparation methods, and evaluation parameters of FDTs. It also discusses their wide applications in different therapeutic areas along with challenges such as stability issues, moisture sensitivity, and scale-up difficulties. Overall, natural superdisintegrants provide a promising and sustainable approach for developing efficient and patient-friendly fast dissolving tablets.

Keywords: Fast dissolving tablets, Natural superdisintegrants, Oral drug delivery, Rapid disintegration, Patient compliance, Bioavailability, Tablet formulation, Mucilage

Pharmacological Evaluation of Neuroprotective Potential of Nelumbo Nucifera (Red Flower) Extract in Experimental Alzheimer’s Disease in Rats

Alphesh Jagetiya, Divya Singh, Rakesh Sharma, Mamta Sharma — Fri, 08 May 2026 00:00:00 +0000

Alzheimer’s disease is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by cognitive decline, memory impairment, cholinergic dysfunction, and oxidative stress. The present study was undertaken to evaluate the neuroprotective potential of the red flower extract of Nelumbo nucifera in an aluminium chloride (AlCl₃)-induced experimental model of Alzheimer’s disease in Wistar albino rats. The red flower extract was prepared and subjected to preliminary phytochemical screening, which revealed the presence of flavonoids, alkaloids, phenolic compounds, tannins, glycosides, saponins, and terpenoids. An acute oral toxicity study conducted according to OECD guidelines demonstrated that the extract was safe up to 2000 mg/kg body weight. Based on this, doses of 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg were selected for the study. The animals were divided into six groups, including normal control, disease control, standard drug-treated group, and extract-treated groups. Cognitive function was assessed using the Morris Water Maze and Y-maze tests. The disease control group showed significant impairment in learning and memory, whereas treatment with Nelumbo nucifera extract significantly improved cognitive performance in a dose-dependent manner. Biochemical estimations revealed that aluminium chloride administration significantly increased acetylcholinesterase activity and lipid peroxidation (MDA levels), while decreasing antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase, catalase, and reduced glutathione. Treatment with Nelumbo nucifera extract significantly reversed these alterations, indicating restoration of cholinergic function and antioxidant defense. The extract also improved total protein levels, suggesting protection of neuronal integrity. Among the tested doses, the 400 mg/kg dose exhibited maximum neuroprotective effect and showed results comparable to the standard drug Donepezil. The observed effects may be attributed to the presence of bioactive phytoconstituents with antioxidant and cholinesterase inhibitory properties. In conclusion, the present study demonstrates that Nelumbo nucifera red flower extract possesses significant neuroprotective and anti-Alzheimer activity. It may serve as a promising natural therapeutic agent for the management of Alzheimer’s disease. Further studies are required to elucidate its mechanism of action and clinical applicability.

Keywords: Nelumbo nucifera; Neuroprotection; Alzheimer’s disease; Acetylcholinesterase inhibition

A Review on Solid Lipid Nanoparticles: Preparation Methods, Evaluation, and Therapeutic Potential

Mamta Saini, Rajesh Asija, Seema Trimukhe Yadav — Fri, 08 May 2026 00:00:00 +0000

Solid Lipid Nanoparticles (SLN) have emerged as a promising nanocarrier system in modern drug delivery, offering improved bioavailability, controlled drug release, and enhanced therapeutic efficacy. These colloidal carriers, composed of biocompatible solid lipids stabilized by surfactants, overcome the limitations associated with traditional delivery systems such as liposomes and polymeric nanoparticles. SLN provide advantages including reduced toxicity, enhanced stability, and the ability to encapsulate both hydrophilic and lipophilic drugs. This review comprehensively discusses the structural models, formulation components, preparation techniques, and physicochemical characterization of SLN. It further highlights their wide-ranging therapeutic applications in oncology, infectious diseases, central nervous system disorders, cosmetics, and gene delivery. Despite challenges such as drug expulsion, limited drug loading, and scale-up issues, recent advancements including nanostructured lipid carriers (NLC), stimuli-responsive systems, and AI-driven formulation design have significantly improved their performance. Overall, SLN represent a versatile and efficient platform for next-generation drug delivery and translational nanomedicine

Keywords: Solid Lipid Nanoparticles (SLN), Nanostructured Lipid Carriers (NLC), Controlled Drug Delivery, Nanotechnology, Drug Loading, Targeted Drug Delivery, Biocompatible Lipids, Pharmacokinetics.

Formulation Development and Evaluation of Sustained Release Tablets of Anti Diabetic Drug

Sun, 10 May 2026 00:00:00 +0000

Aim: The present research work was to design and develop the sustained release matrix tablets of vildagliptin. It is having a short biological half-life (1.5 h) so it is considered as a suitable drug for the formulation of sustained release tablets to prolong its therapeutic action. Vildagliptin is an oral antihyperglycemic agent of the new dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor class of drug.

Materials and Methods: Matrix tablets were prepared by wet granulation technique, using synthetic and natural polymers at different ratios. Granules were prepared and evaluated for bulk density, tapped density, Hausner’s ratio, compressibility index.

Statistical Analysis Used: The Fourier-transform infrared spectra of the vildagliptin and different polymers alone and in a combination show the compatibility of the drug with excipients.

Results: The physicochemical properties of tablets were found within the limits. The prepared tablets were evaluated for weight variation, thickness, hardness, % friability, % drug contents, and in vitro release. In vitro dissolution studies (USP dissolution rate test apparatus II, 50 rpm, 37°C ± 0.5°C) was carried out for the first 2 h in 0.1 N HCl (1.2 pH) and followed 6.8 phosphate buffer for 10 h as a dissolution medium.

Conclusion: The optimized formulation F-8 was shown maximum drug release 97.56 ± 0.72% in 12 h of dissolution. The release kinetic data of formulation F-8 shown zero order (R2 = 9902).

Keywords: Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor, kinetics, SR Matrix, vildagliptin, wet granulation.

Formulation and Evaluation of Oral Thin Film of Betahistine Dihydrochloride

Sun, 10 May 2026 00:00:00 +0000

Oral route of medication, many substitutes have reliably been presented by including progressing novel headways for paediatrics, geriatrics, nauseous and resistance patients. Bio adhesive mucosal estimation structures including tablets, gels and fixes are after effects of mechanical new development. Orally disintegrating films (ODF) has one of the most famous types of medication administration because of its superb patient comfort and consistence. It very well may be put on the tongue without the need of water. Contrasted with ordinary oral measurements structures, ODFs typically bring aboutimproved bioavailability with quicker onset of activity. Oral strip innovation gives a backup way to go to drugs with firstpass digestion. This survey gives subtleties of materials utilized in ODF, fabricating perspectives, advances, and assessmenttests.

Keywords: Oral disintegrating films, Bioavailability, Disintegration, conventional oral dosage forms, first pass metabolism.

Review of Comparative Renoprotective Study of Allium Cepa (Bulb) and Clerodendrum Serratum (Root) Extracts in Experimental Animal Model

Md. Mahtab Alam, Divya Singh, Lokesh Kumar Saini — Sun, 10 May 2026 00:00:00 +0000

The present study was designed to evaluate and compare the renoprotective activity of methanolic extracts of Allium cepa(bulb) and Clerodendrum serratum (root) against gentamicin-induced nephrotoxicity in Wistar rats. The plant materials were collected, authenticated, shade dried, powdered, and extracted using methanol. Preliminary phytochemical screening revealed the presence of important bioactive constituents. Acute oral toxicity studies performed according to OECD guideline 423 indicated that both extracts were safe at the selected dose levels. Experimental nephrotoxicity was induced by administration of gentamicin (80 mg/kg/day, i.p.) for 7 consecutive days. Animals were divided into seven groups consisting of normal control, toxic control, standard drug-treated group, and extract-treated groups receiving low and high doses of Allium cepa and Clerodendrum serratum. Renoprotective activity was evaluated using biochemical, antioxidant, electrolyte, and histopathological parameters. Treatment with methanolic extracts of Allium cepa and Clerodendrum serratum significantly restored renal biochemical markers, corrected electrolyte imbalance, reduced lipid peroxidation, and improved antioxidant enzyme levels when compared with the toxic control group. Histopathological studies further confirmed the protective effect of the extracts by showing marked restoration of renal architecture and reduction of tissue damage. Among the two plants, Clerodendrum serratum demonstrated comparatively greater renoprotective activity, particularly at the higher dose level, which may be attributed to its broader phytochemical composition including alkaloids and saponins in addition to flavonoids and phenolic compounds. The findings of the present study conclude that both Allium cepa and Clerodendrum serratum possess significant renoprotective activity against gentamicin-induced nephrotoxicity, primarily mediated through antioxidant and cytoprotective mechanisms.

Keywords: Allium cepa, Clerodendrum serratum, Gentamicin, Nephrotoxicity, Renoprotective activity, Antioxidant, Wistar rats, Histopathology.

Comparative Neuroprotective Study on Scopolamine-Induced Alzheimer’s-Like Cognitive Deficits in Rats

Anil Sharma, Rakesh Sharma, Lokesh Kumar Saini — Sun, 10 May 2026 00:00:00 +0000

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by memory loss, cognitive impairment, oxidative stress, and cholinergic dysfunction. The present study was designed to evaluate and compare the neuroprotective effects of Bacopa monnieri and Centella asiatica against scopolamine-induced Alzheimer’s-like cognitive deficits in rats. Wistar rats were divided into seven groups, including normal control, scopolamine control, standard drug-treated (donepezil), and treatment groups receiving low and high doses of Bacopa monnieri and Centella asiatica. Cognitive function was assessed using the Morris Water Maze (MWM) and Y-Maze tests. Biochemical parameters such as acetylcholinesterase (AChE), lipid peroxidation (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), reduced glutathione (GSH), and total protein were estimated. Histopathological examination of brain tissue was also performed. Scopolamine administration resulted in significant cognitive impairment, increased AChE activity and lipid peroxidation, and decreased antioxidant enzyme levels and total protein, confirming induction of Alzheimer-like pathology. Treatment with both plant extracts significantly improved behavioral performance, reduced AChE activity and MDA levels, and restored antioxidant enzymes and protein levels in a dose-dependent manner. Histopathological findings revealed reduced neuronal degeneration and improved brain architecture in treated groups. Comparative evaluation indicated that Bacopa monnieri exhibited superior neuroprotective activity compared to Centella asiatica, particularly at higher doses, with results comparable to the standard drug donepezil. In conclusion, the findings suggest that both Bacopa monnieri and Centella asiatica possess significant neuroprotective and cognitive-enhancing properties, with Bacopa monnieri emerging as a more potent therapeutic candidate for the management of Alzheimer’s disease.

Keywords: Alzheimer’s disease, Bacopa monnieri, Centella asiatica, Scopolamine, Neuroprotection, Antioxidant, Memory.

Formulation and Evaluation Controlled Release Solid Lipid Microparticles of Antihypertensive Drug

Sun, 10 May 2026 00:00:00 +0000

Objective: To prepare and optimize solid dispersion of isradipine, an antihypertensive drug with poor aqueous solubility using two different methods, namely, solvent evaporation and fusion.

Methods: Twenty-two formulas of isradipine solid dispersion were prepared using one of the following carriers: Poloxamer 407 (PXM 407), Polyethylene Glycol 4000 (PEG 4000), Polyethylene Glycol 6000 (PEG 6000) and urea atdifferent carrier-to-drug ratios. The produced solid dispersion formulations were evaluated for their percentage yield, drugcontent, solubility, and in vitro dissolution. Further investigations were performed for the selected formula; these include Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC), and Powder X-Ray Diffraction (PXRD) studies to evaluate the crystalline state ofthe drug. Besides Fourier Transformation Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy was conducted to evaluate drug-carriercompatibility.

Results: The results of this study showed that all the prepared formulas resulted in improvement in saturation solubility. Run 14 (which consists of PXM 407: isradipine in a 5:1 ratio) demonstrated a substantial increase in solubility, resulting in approximately 16 times higher solubility than the pure drug. The results of DSC and PXRD studies demonstrated complete dispersion of the drug in the carrier or amorphization of the drug. Furthermore, FTIR results indicated drug-carrier compatibility.

Conclusion: From this study, it was evident that solid dispersion of isradipine in the previously mentioned carriers is an effective and efficient method to enhance its solubility. The best solubility enhancement and release profile was observed in run 14 (which combines PXM 407: isradipine in a 5:1 ratio), which was selected as the optimum formula.

Keywords: Poloxamer 407, Isradipine, Dissolution rate, Solubility, Solid dispersion, polymer, Solvent evaporation.

Microsponge-Based Topical Drug Delivery System for Acne Vulgaris: Formulation, Optimization and Evaluation

Sun, 10 May 2026 00:00:00 +0000

Background: Acne vulgaris is a chronic inflammatory disorder of the pilosebaceous unit characterized by comedones, papules, pustules, nodules, and cysts. It affects a large proportion of adolescents and adults and has significant psychological and social impact. Conventional topical therapies often show limitations such as poor drug penetration, skin irritation, and frequent dosing requirements.

Objective: The present study aims to formulate and evaluate a microsponge-based topical gel containing anti-acne drugs to achieve controlled drug release, enhanced skin deposition, improved therapeutic efficacy, and reduced side effects compared to conventional formulations.

Materials and Methods: Microsponges were prepared using techniques such as quasi-emulsion solvent diffusion, employing polymers like ethyl cellulose. The selected drugs, nicotinamide and clindamycin phosphate, were incorporated due to their anti-inflammatory and antibacterial properties. The optimized microsponges were further incorporated into a Carbopol gel base.

The formulation was evaluated for:

Results: The microsponge-based gel demonstrated: Controlled and sustained drug release, Improved penetration into the pilosebaceous unit, Enhanced antimicrobial activity against acne-causing bacteria, Reduced irritation and side effects compared to conventional formulations, Good physicochemical stability and patient acceptability

Conclusion: The developed microsponge-loaded topical gel represents a novel and effective drug delivery system for acne treatment. It offers improved therapeutic outcomes, better patient compliance, and reduced adverse effects, making it a promising alternative to conventional anti-acne formulations.

Keywords: Acne vulgaris; Microsponges; Nicotinamide; Clindamycin phosphate; Topical gel; Controlled drug delivery.

Evaluation of Anti-Diabetic Activity of the Combined Extract of Gurmar Leaves and Lemon Peel in Streptozocin Induced Diabetic Rats

Sweety Biswas, Divya Singh, Mamta Sharma, Mayank Bansal — Sun, 10 May 2026 00:00:00 +0000

Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by persistent hyperglycemia resulting from defects in insulin secretion, insulin action, or both. The increasing prevalence of diabetes and the adverse effects associated with long-term use of synthetic anti-diabetic drugs have encouraged the search for safer and more effective herbal alternatives. The present study was undertaken to evaluate the anti-diabetic activity of the combined extract of Gurmar leaves (Gymnema sylvestre) and Lemon peel (Citrus limon) in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. The plant materials werecollected, authenticated, shade dried, and subjected to extraction using suitable solvents. Preliminary phytochemical screening of the combined extract revealed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, glycosides, saponins, phenolic compounds, and terpenoids, which are known to possess significant pharmacological activities. Acute oral toxicity studies were performed according to OECD guidelines and the extract was found to be safe at the selected dose levels.Experimental diabetes was induced in Wistar rats using streptozotocin (STZ). The animals were divided into different groups including normal control, diabetic control, standard drug-treated group, and extract-treated groups receiving low and high doses of the combined extract. Treatment was continued for the specified experimental period and various biochemical parameters were evaluated, including blood glucose level, body weight, lipid profile, liver function markers, and antioxidant parameters. The results demonstrated that administration of the combined extract significantly reduced blood glucose levels in diabetic rats when compared with the diabetic control group. The extract also improved body weight, restored altered lipid parameters, and showed beneficial effects on antioxidant enzyme levels. Histopathological examination of pancreatic tissue revealed partial regeneration and protection of β-cells in extract-treated groups. The anti-diabetic effect of the combined extract may be attributed to the synergistic action of bioactive phytoconstituents present in Gymnema sylvestre and Citrus limon, which possess antioxidant and pancreatic protective properties. The study concludes that the combined extract of Gurmar leaves and Lemon peel exhibits significant anti-diabetic activity in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats and may serve as a promising natural therapeutic agent for the management of diabetes mellitus. Further studies are required to isolate the active constituents and establish the exact mechanism of action.

Formulation and Evaluation of Taste-Masked Orally Disintegrating Tablets of a Carboxy Fluoroquinolone Derivative Using Ion-Exchange Resin Technology

Sun, 10 May 2026 00:00:00 +0000

Ciprofloxacin is a broad spectrum antibacterial agent active against gram positive and gram negative organism. It is very bitter in taste. In the present work an attempt has been made to develop taste masked rapid disintegrating tablet of Ciprofloxacin using ion exchange resins (Tulsion 335, Indion 204, Indion 214) as a taste masking agent. Different drug: resin ratios were tried to prepare taste masked complex. Depending upon the taste masking and drug loading efficiency the complex with Tulsion 335 in the 1:1.5 (drug: resin) ratio was selected for the formulation of tablet. FT-IR spectroscopy and differential scanning calorimetry were used to investigate the physical characteristics of the complex. Tablets were prepared by direct compression technique using three super disintegrants viz. croscarmellose sodium, cross povidone and sodium starch glycolate. The blend was examined for angle of repose, bulk density, tapped density and Hausner’s ratio. Tablets of all batches were tested for various evaluation parameters. Tablets formulated with 4.3% (F9) of croscarmellose sodium showed low disintegration time (19±1.23 sec), wetting time (25±1.75 sec) and friability (0.23±0.13%) than the other batches. The % cumulative release of drug from tablet (F9) was found to be more than 95% within 20 mins. It was concluded from the study that Ciprofloxacin shows optimum drug loading with Tulsion-335. Among different superdisintegrants croscarmellose sodium was found suitable.

Keywords: Ion exchange resin, Ciprofloxacin, Rapid disintegrating tablet, Super disintegrants

Formulation Development and Evaluation of Fast Dissolving Tablets of Telmisartan

Amir Ali, Yogesh Kumar Garg, Vaibhav Khatri, Pradeep Kumar Garg, Sunil Sain — Tue, 12 May 2026 00:00:00 +0000

Present investigation was undertaken with a view to develop fast dissolving tablets of Telmisartan which offers a newrange of product having desired characteristics and intended benefits. Fast dissolving tablets of Telmisartan using varioussuperdisintegrants such as Sodium Starch Glycolate (SSG), Crosspovidone (CP) and Crosscarmellose sodium (CCS) wereformulated by direct compression method and evaluated for physicochemical parameters, content uniformity, in vitrorelease and stability studies. All the formulation batches showed drug release in the range of 98.6% - 100.6% within 20 min. Disintegration time of all batches was less than 1 min. The best formulation F6 containing 5% CP and 2.5% â-cyclodextrin exhibited 98.8% drug release within 15 min and disintegration time of 13 sec. The formulation F6 was found to be stable at accelerated conditions of temperature and humidity (40^oC and 75% RH). Fast dissolving tablets containing crosspovidone (5%) was found to give best results for in vitro disintegration and dissolution. Moreover, addition of â-cyclodextrin (2.5% w/w) might have enhanced swelling of tablet, thereby decreasing the disintegration time and increasedwettability and dispersability of tablets leading to improved dissolution.

Keywords: Crosscarmellose sodium; Crosspovidone; sodium starch Glycolate; â-Cyclodextrin; direct compression.

A Research on “Clinical Outcomes, Compliance, and Toxicity of Concurrent Chemoradiotherapy (CCRT) in Locally Advanced Buccal Mucosa Cancer - A Prospective Observational Study

Muskan Rattan, Divya Singh, Priti Agarwal, Aziz Ahmed, Mamta Sharma — Tue, 12 May 2026 00:00:00 +0000

Buccal mucosa carcinoma constitutes a prominent subsite of oral squamous cell carcinoma and is disproportionately encountered in South Asia populations, largely due to habitual exposure to areca nut, tobacco, and betel quid. A considerable number of patients are diagnosed at a locally advanced stage, at which point surgical intervention is frequently rendered impractical. In such scenarios, concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCRT), involving the integration of external beam radiotherapy with platinum-based systemic agents, is widely adopted as a definitive or organ-preserving therapeutic strategy. Nevertheless, the effectiveness of this approach is often influenced by treatment-induced toxicities and interruptions, particularly under real-world clinical conditions. Prospectively collected evidence focusing specifically on locally advanced buccal mucosa cancer (LABMC) remains sparse. This review consolidates available data on clinical outcomes, treatment compliance, and toxicity patterns associated with CCRT in locally advanced buccal mucosa cancer thereby highlighting the necessity for focused prospective observational evaluations.

Keywords: Buccal mucosa carcinoma, concurrent chemoradiotherapy, locally advanced disease, platinum compounds, treatment adherence, toxicity spectrum, therapeutic outcomes, and prospective observation.