Examine the Obstetric Outcomes in Women Who Have Previously Experienced Spontaneous Abortions

Abstract

Background: A history of spontaneous abortion can influence subsequent pregnancies in various ways. Women who have experienced one or more miscarriages may face increased risks of complications such as preterm birth, placental abnormalities, and recurrent miscarriages. Previous studies have shown that women with a history of spontaneous abortions are at a higher risk of experiencing similar issues in future pregnancies. This association underscores the importance of closely monitoring these patients during their subsequent pregnancies to mitigate risks and provide timely interventions. Women with a history of spontaneous abortions are at increased risk for various pregnancy complications, including preterm delivery, pre-eclampsia, and placental issues. The high cesarean section rate reflects cautious management practices in this population. Enhanced prenatal care and individualized management strategies are crucial for improving outcomes in these patients. Further research is needed to refine care protocols and better understand the long-term effects of previous miscarriages on subsequent pregnancies.
Aim: The primary aim of this study is to assess the obstetric outcomes of women with a history of spontaneous abortions and to identify any increased risks or complications associated with subsequent pregnancies.
Material and Method: A retrospective cohort design was employed, including 80 patients admitted to the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology at Tertiary care Hospital. Participants with a history of spontaneous abortion were enrolled and monitored throughout their current pregnancies. A comprehensive history of previous abortions was collected, and an examination was conducted to gather detailed information about these previous losses. The participants were consecutively seen during the specified period. The patients were monitored for complications such as premature rupture of membranes (PROM), placenta previa, preeclampsia, placental abruption, abortion, intrauterine fetal death (IUFD), breech presentation, threatened abortion, and stillbirth during the current pregnancy.
Results: The study found that women with a history of spontaneous abortions experienced a range of obstetric complications. The incidence of premature rupture of membranes (PROM) was 12.5%, while pre-eclampsia and placental abruption occurred in 8.7% and 5% of cases, respectively. The rate of preterm delivery was 20%, and threatened abortion was observed in 25% of participants. The majorities of deliveries were cesarean sections (62.5%), followed by normal vaginal deliveries (31.2%) and assisted vaginal deliveries (6.2%). In terms of pregnancy outcomes, the study reported 50 term live births, 11 abortions, 2 missed abortions, and 3 stillbirths. Conclusion: In conclusion, this study underscores the significant impact that a history of spontaneous abortions can have on subsequent pregnancies. The increased risks of complications such as preterm delivery and recurrent miscarriage highlight the need for tailored care strategies. By evaluating maternal complications, pregnancy outcomes, and delivery modes, the study seeks to enhance understanding and improve clinical practices for managing pregnancies in this high-risk population. Ongoing research and improved understanding of these risks are essential for optimizing pregnancy outcomes and supporting women through subsequent pregnancies. By addressing these needs, healthcare providers can better support women through their pregnancies and work towards improving overall maternal and fetal health outcomes.
Keywords: Spontaneous Abortion, Preterm Delivery, Cesarean Section, Obstetric Complication, Maternal Outcomes..