Impact of Allograft Bone Grafting on Spine Fusion Surgery Outcomes

Abstract

Spine fusion surgery, a commonly performed procedure for various spinal disorders, often involves the use of bone grafts to promote fusion and improve healing. Allograft bone grafting, wherein bone tissue is harvested from a donor, is one of the alternative materials to autografts, which require harvesting bone from the patient’s own body. While allografts are advantageous due to reduced donor site morbidity, concerns regarding their effect on fusion rates, infection risks, and overall surgical outcomes remain. This review aims to evaluate the impact of allograft bone grafting on spine fusion surgery outcomes by analyzing fusion rates, complications, and clinical improvements. Studies comparing allograft bone grafting with other grafting methods, particularly autografts, suggest that allografts have similar or slightly lower fusion success rates but present a lower risk of complications like donor site morbidity. Various factors such as patient age, graft preparation, and fusion level significantly influence the outcomes. In conclusion, although allografts show promising results in spine fusion surgeries, further prospective studies are necessary to establish definitive guidelines regarding their efficacy and long-term outcomes.

Keywords: Allograft bone grafting, spine fusion surgery, outcomes, bone healing, spinal surgery, orthopedic interventions