STUDY OF THE RISK FACTORS FOR ACUTE CORONARY SYNDROME IN YOUNG ADULTS

Abstract

Background: People of Indian descent are increasingly more likely to have cardiovascular risk factors for acute coronary syndrome (ACS), which is currently one of the most prevalent causes of mortality. According to the evidence that is now available, young patients account for 0.4–19% of all ACS cases, depending on the age cutoff.

Aims & objectives: The purpose of the current study was to evaluate the prevalence of risk factors, symptoms, and short- and long-term outcomes of acute coronary syndromes in patients under the age of 45.

Material and Methods: The current study was a hospital-based, prospective, observational study that included both male and female patients between the ages of 13 and 45 who had been admitted for an acute coronary syndrome due to anginal pain, suggestive electrocardiographic changes, and elevated troponin-I levels/CPK-MB above the upper limit of normal.

Results: The study included a total of 100 instances of acute coronary syndrome in young adults who were admitted to a tertiary care facility's intensive care unit. In the current study, young people between the ages of 40 and 45 were the most prevalent age group (52 percent), followed by those between the ages of 30-39. (46 percent ). The median age was 39.39 years plus 5.45. The majority of patients in the current study were male (78%) and female (22 percent ). Chest pain (94%) and perspiration (88%) and dyspnea were the most frequent manifestations in the young group in this study (74 percent ). Epigastric discomfort was the least often presenting symptom. In the current study, smoking and tobacco use were the most prevalent risk factor in young people (76%) followed by hypertension (64%) and high body mass index (62 percent ). The least frequent risk factor was stress-induced type A personality disorder. In the current study, coronary artery disease and hypertension were the two most prevalent family histories among the young group (56 percent ). and type 2 diabetes (30 percent ). The most frequent ECG abnormalities in young adults in the current study were anterior wall infarction (42%), inferior wall infarction (28%), ST segment depression (14%), and Deep T wave inversion (8 percent ), In the young group, STEMI (78%) and NSTEMI (22%) were the most frequent ECG alterations. In the current study, combined events (32 percent) were the most frequent hospitalizations, followed by LV failure (12 percent) and cardiogenic shock (10 percent) in the young group. After therapy, 49 patients are discharged. Arrhythmia, ventricular failure, pulmonary embolism, cardiac arrest, and reinfarction are all combined events.

 Conclusion: Other significant modifiable risk factors in young individuals included use of oral tobacco, alcohol use, hypertension, diabetes, and dyslipidemia. Young individuals were also more likely to have other risk factors, such as a family history of early CAD.

Keywords: Oral tobacco consumption, hypertension, diabetes, dyslipidemia, premature CAD, adult coronary syndrome