STUDY OF THE CONNECTIONS BETWEEN HYPERINSULINEMIA AND GLUCOSE INTOLERANCE IN EARLY-ONSET CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE Dr. Gaurav Gohad

Abstract

Background: Indians experience their first myocardial infarction 5 to 10 times sooner than other populations, and they experience coronary artery disease (CAD) 5 to 10 years earlier than other populations. IGT, also known as type 2 diabetes, has several risk factors in common with coronary artery disease (CAD), and an increase in the prevalence of diabetes also suggests a rising risk of CAD.

Aims & objectives: The current study looked at the relationships between early-onset coronary artery disease, glucose intolerance, and hyperinsulinemia in tertiary care hospital patients.

Material and Methods: The current study involved subjects with coronary artery disease who were either male or female and under the age of 45. Serum insulin levels and glucose intolerance (GI) were assessed.

Results: 42 patients in all who met the study requirements were included in the current study. The average age was 42.07 5.39. Males (73,81%) outnumbered females (26,19%). The average BMI was 23.26 3.33 kg/m2. The prevalence of impaired fasting glucose (IFG), impaired glucose tolerance (IGT), diabetes mellitus (DM), and hyperinsulinemia (>25 IU/ml) were 9.52%, 7.14%, 7.14%, and 9.52%, respectively, in the current study. There were 14.29% cases of glucose intolerance overall (12 patients). Major risk factors identified in the current study included hypertension (26.19%), BMI (> 25 kg/m2) (26.19%), smoking (21.43%), dyslipidemia (19.05%), family history of CAD (16.67%), and family history of diabetes (14.29%). We found a statistically significant difference between patients with normoglycemia and those with glucose intolerance in their fasting plasma glucose (mg/dl), 2-hour plasma glucose (mg/dl), fasting serum insulin (uIU/ml), and HbA1C values.

Conclusion: Early diagnosis through testing for glucose intolerance is strongly advised in high risk individuals because it is linked to early-onset coronary artery disease and hyperinsulinemia.

Keywords: early-onset coronary artery disease, glucose intolerance, hyperinsulinemia, impaired glucose tolerance