CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY ON THE PREVALENCE AND RISK FACTORS OF HYPERTENSION IN URBAN AND RURAL POPULATIONS

Abstract

Objective: This cross-sectional study aims to investigate and compare the prevalence of hypertension and identify associated risk factors in both urban and rural populations.

Methods: A random sampling method was employed to select 500 participants from each setting. Structured interviews and questionnaires were used to collect data on demographics, lifestyle factors, and medical history. Physical examinations included blood pressure measurements, BMI assessments, and waist circumference measurements. Blood samples were collected for lipid profiles and fasting blood glucose levels. Statistical analyses, including chi-square tests, t-tests, and regression analyses, were conducted to explore associations between hypertension and various risk factors.

Results: The study revealed significant variations in hypertension prevalence between urban (28%) and rural (16%) populations. Age emerged as a consistent risk factor in both groups, with higher prevalence among individuals aged 50 and above. In the urban cohort, BMI and waist circumference showed positive correlations with hypertension, while dietary patterns and physical activity levels exhibited significant associations in the rural population. Gender-specific differences were observed, with higher hypertension prevalence among urban males.

Conclusion: This cross-sectional study highlights disparities in hypertension prevalence and risk factors between urban and rural populations. The findings emphasize the importance of tailored interventions considering regional and demographic characteristics for effective hypertension prevention and management.

Keywords: hypertension, lifestyle factors, cardiovascular health, blood pressure.